(1) 索求
ask: implies no more than the statement of the desire: ~ a favor of a friend.

request: implies greater formality and courtesy: ~s the pleasure of your company at the ball.

solicit: suggests a calling attention to one's wants or desires, often publicly, in the hope of having them satisfied: a classified ad that ~s a situation as a babysitter.   （classified有2个意思  1、定为秘密的secret，如a classified report/info秘密报告/信息   2、分类的arranged in classes ，如garbage classification垃圾分类，如本例分类广告classified ad是指报刊上按广告内容分区的广告）   又如to solicit bribes索贿，to solicit prostitute召妓，本例to solicit a situation招工

ask请求要求: 仅表示声明愿望，request请求: 更礼貌正式，solicit索求索要: 表示公开需求愿望，以期得到满足

记忆方法: 1) 索求的意思是表达意愿想要获得mean to seek to obtain by making one's wants known.   "索"是会意字，有3个意思  1、捆木头的大绳子，后泛指大绳子或大链子，如索道钢索绞索线索  2、搜寻查找，如索引思索搜索探索  3、讨取要，如索还索求索取索贿勒索


(2) 知道
know: stresses assurance and implies sound logical or factual information as its basis: whatever we don't ~, we can find out.    （sound有理有据implies a basis of flawless reasoning or solid gounds无瑕的推理,坚实的基础，如a sound proposal for combatting terrorism打击恐怖主义的合理建议）

believe: too, stresses assurance but implies trust and faith rather than evidence as its basis: no longer ~d in the Tooth Fairy.    Tooth Fairy牙仙牙仙子是西方国家儿童时代的梦幻人物，传说中当孩子到了换牙年龄，如果把脱落的牙齿放在枕下，牙仙会在他们睡着时把牙齿取走，留下硬币，缓解孩子们牙齿脱落时的疼痛和紧张

think: suggests probability rather than firm assurance and implies mental appraisal of pertinent circumstances as its basis: ~s she will do well on the test.   （appraise专业估价，或泛指仔细评估commonly implies a fixing by an expert of the monetary worth of a thing, but it may be used of any intent to give a critical judgment，如a real estate agent appraised the house一个房产代理对房屋估价，如they appraised the painting at £200,000他们将这幅画估价20万英镑，如there is a need to appraise existing techniques有必要评估一下现有技术）

know知道: 强调确信，具备逻辑事实依据，believe相信: 也表示确信，但更强调信任信念而非证据，think认为: 表示较大可能性而非确信，基于大脑对相关情况的评估

记忆方法: 1) 知道的意思是认为真实mean to hold something in one's mind as true or as being what it purports to be.  purport声称=claim


(3) 交谈
speak: may refer to any utterance, however coherent OR disconnected, and with OR without reference to hearers: too hoarse to ~ clearly.

talk: usually implies one or more listeners and related conversation or discourse: ~ over a problem with an adviser.    （discourse讨论交谈辩论演讲refers to written or spoken discussion, communication, or debate口头或书面的讨论交谈辩论演说，篇幅较长，如a discourse on critical theory对批评理论的一场讨论，如a tradition of political discourse政治演讲的传统，可以根据谐音记忆，discourse主要意思是discuss讨论）

converse: implies an interchange in talk of thoughts and opinions: a multitude of subjects on which they happily ~d.

speak说话: 泛指发出语音，无论是否连贯有无聆听，talk谈话: 指有人聆听，交谈讨论，converse交谈: 指通过谈话交流思想观点

记忆方法: 1) 交谈的意思是说话表达思想mean to articulate words so as to express one's thoughts.    (articulate两个意思: 1口齿清楚2用词准确)


(4) 观看
see: stresses the fact of receiving visual impressions: she ~s well with her new glasses.    VIS词根表示看to see，对应的词根AUD表示听to hear   (impression印象, 是指较深入持久的感觉a deep and persistent feeling or effect，如a general/overall/initial/lasting impression总体/整体/初次/持久印象，如she gives the impression of being very busy她给人的印象是特别忙)  

look: stresses the directing of the eyes to or the fixing of the eyes on something: ~ed long and hard at his receding form.

watch: implies a following of something with one's eyes as as to keep it under constant observation: ~ing the clock as closely as a cat ~es a mouse.   observe观察是see的同义词，强调专注不遗漏

see看见: 强调接收视觉印象的事实，look看: 指将视线朝向、定于某物，watch注视观看: 指持续跟踪观察某物

记忆方法: 1) 观看的意思是用眼察觉mean to perceive something by use of the eyes.   perceive觉察和observe观察在一组，可用于视觉或其它感官，常暗示有洞察力，不过这里仅仅是表示简单的看


(5) 建议
advice: implies real or pretended knowledge or experience, often professional or technical, on the part of the one who advises: a book of ~ for would-be entrepreneurs.     (technical有2个意思， 1、专科的专业的connected with a particular subject，如technical terms专业术语  2、技术的工艺的involving practical use of machines, methods，or skills需要使用机器方法技能，如technical problems技术难题，technical support技术支持，technical complexity技术复杂度，如their technical ability is exceptional他们技艺超群)

counsel: often stresses the fruit of wisdom or deliberation and may presuppose a weightier occasion, or more authority, or more personal concern on the part of the one giving counsel: the benefit of a father's ~.      如川普在就职前见奥巴马时表示要听取他的建议President-elect Trump said he had "great respect" for Obama, called him a "very good man" and said he would seek his "counsel" in the future         （这一组两个词解释中都用到了习语on the part of someone=on someone's part，意思是由谁或来自谁by or from someone，又如it takes a lot of work on everyone's part[on the part of everyone] to finishe the project on time需要每个人共同努力才能按时完成项目）

advice建议: 表示提供建议的人具备知识经验，特别是专业技术方面的知识经验，counsel建议: 强调源于智慧深思，更郑重权威关切

记忆方法: 1) 建议的意思是推荐做决定或行为mean a recommendation as to a decision or a course of conduct.     conduct行为，特指受自我控制的行为controlled behavior，如南海行为准则COC(code of conduct) in the SCS，这里其实只是表示行为action